һƶƨŪ
˷ܼˣ˵㣬͵Ӻˣ;ذɣ 㾹Ҳdzϣ۾һ߸һҽУϡСϡ ĴͿɰˡɵС
СĽɫŶŶ衭衭Č ѽӿ챻ɳˣɵĺ衭Čºôѽ
Ҳ뵽ɫˣ˷ܵؿɵʹ죡һ߸һſ Ҷ߲С˵СČ´㲻ϲ𡭡Ų 㲻ϲ͵Čɾ
ھҺ㶼ˣһǾʹ̼ ﵽԵļ߳ӿ
Խƣرһ𣬴ڵشһ
壩
ţʵеѰģֻͨ ˵Ե֣ҺһҴûȷ ʵʵطˣûӱܡ
ͳ½˵飬סû˵½Ҫһ ģҲҲԸ⿴ġ
ϹģҲĽֻһ ıԵߣںʵֹ
֮ԶڰҲ̸ʲôһֵԣϻ ܹ͵ͨǶʱҲлʱǾһɣ ·dzϵԣÿǶɵ÷dzˬҲ㲻ֻһ ֮кüСӡ
ҽ˸ŮģˣҲǸ㣬ͦǮӡ
˵źʲôˣ˼ҿǴϰ塣 ˵ҲȱʲôЦ˵ǵС£ؼҲ ϲСɡ
һμѧУߵľưϰʱ˳ ɵʱѾˣһĻиŮģǺ ǺܳصӣĶ鷢ԵܸϵƤú ãûʲô覴ãǺƯ˵ĸо
ܿʣ˵ٶȺܿ죬˼·ҽ˵㣬 СܡҾͽ㣬ЦˣҷЦݺܺÿ۾쵽 һˣݺܰסѧʲôģǾʱ ˣֻڻ谵ľư졣
˻죬Ҿ;Ů˺ܲһ˼Ⱥȣ һʲ֪˼˴ıҵҾͿʼ̾ˡ˻ѧ ʷҸоѾ˼ҵ˼ˣˡ
̾˵ѧô굽ôʱȫˣ 㻹̸ܺЩѵãڵ˶̸Ǯʲôģ˹עЩ ˡҲ֪DZһҽҩ˾ܡ
һᣬĵ绰ˣ˵绰֮ǣǾͽ˵һ εļ档
ܳʱˣҲͰˡ
һ߳ͼݵʱʻһϢز ͣˣߵ˰ȣһͷҲʶijû⣬Ҫߵʱ ˺֣ϸһھưһ 㡣
˳رĺã˵ˣû ʱ䣬ʱˡ˵ǸȥЦˣ˵û ءͷ˵ȥӰɺܳʱûˡ
Ǿȥ˵ӰԺӳǡŵɯʿǡƬӺ ڰע⿴ӣûץסҵ֣˳ӵ ţֺȡʱʾ§ҲûоܾҾ §˰벿ӰҲûҶǾؿ Ӱ
־ͷҵĿϣʼɵҵļͣ û뵽ġ˻ᣬ§ҵͷʼңͷ ߣ꣬ҵͷ˻ſҵĶ߶˵С ܣļͶӲˣ
ôׯŮͻȻ˵ĻҸе˷ܣҲ ʼҵػزģһָֻץҸ ͷӲˣĺųѡ
Ĵشҵȹӵ£Ⱥ ȼ䣬ʾҸһͷѾʪòڿױ ˣʪવģŮ鰡漦ɧ
ǾһᣬܲˣŴҶ˵ 첻ˣҪĴ͡ҪĴҡġġ ˵궯־ͿʼҵûҷӦӾѾˣ һ飬ҵļ;֧ˡһ£ȻͷͰҼͺ Լ￪ʼ
ȻܶεĿڽûеģȣ ͷһµӹҵĹͷһʼ顣
һذȹÿڿ㶼ûѣֱӰѵױ߶ǿ ַҵļͶʪܵͲ壬ֻ¾ɵˣ ɲոպãҲǺպ帩Ͷصֵ֧ס ϣʼһµƶƨŪ
ĻǴ̼ˣһ˶鷿һ ɳżõĿС
˴ԼʮӵӣͻȻӿ죬ص˼̱֮ һ˵ѽͺôˣ˶
˵ʵû뵽ɧˣ ׯĸƫƫڰʱ̣ȴǸɧ˾ʮ ӣµ˸˫Եȷѽ
ʱǾͳȥˣҳԷڳԷʱ㿴ЦЦ ıһҲĥɢijŮ˶еijȷ ʵشҡ
ҹɫ룬ƳϣõҹŸոտʼ
ʵе鲻Ҫ˵Һ㣬Ҿ˵ 飬Ƕ˵ЩĻ⣬ⲻڴϵĿ֡˵ͱ ûʲôϵֻǵĻÿжѡ
ͬĿ
æһܾһͲˡ˵ѧУʲôط 㣬˾ľƵ꿪˼䷿ǸаԿףҿԷ ȥסҪʱĻͻ绰ңǾ͵ǵĿȥ
ҵرЩǿˣһڴ㲻 Ϊʲô侫ʲô壬Ǿʮ㣬ֻܻ ԽԽǿ˥ȥ
һĹһ꣬һ ջ˺ܶĶdz֮䲻ʲôǮĽףҾ һĿ־㹻ˣҪʲô
˵˵ҺĹ°ɣ͵ԺĻ䡣
ڴѧڣ·ݵʱڴ绰˵ 㵽Ƶꡣҵ˾ƵʱѾˡܿĵ ӣһְҵķװͿؿڿȥܿ鹵 ҸǿҲʶʲôӡ˵˱ʴ⣬Ҫ ء
˵ô
ЦˣʼǺ죬һ£Ҷ˵ھ ±߶ղź˷ѽٶĵأղźˣ ҡ
ұֱӺʹ̼˷ɳϣļϥ ȹѵڿ㣬طֿȣеؿҡҹȼĵ̺ϣ Ů˵չǰɫĴΪֿ ԵҲطֿˣֺɫСҲſѾ˺ܶ ҺӵĹ⡣
ҾͿʼČ¡ΪεͲҶĹ ֱϤˣҧƨ۶ˣ˷ܵͷֵ кʮӵӣ군ˣһ鴤֮ ˰װ
ʧؿɳϣֻ˵þá
ҵļҲӲˣѹ·ɳϣѼ帩Ͷص֧ ۰ϣץסҵļߣһſ캬˽ȥ ɳƹȼ俪ʼҿڽĿڽˣһ ܣеʱѵͷ ѽ
˲һᣬҾܲˣ˵㣬ҿ첻ˣˡ
ſͣЦţַɿؿʼߣͣʱҵ ֻۣ±߸Ħҵѵ֪DzܷŹˣΪʱ ϲŪˣ֮ȵҵľҺҾе̬ϲ Ҳû취
Ҿ侫ˣ㻹ǽغҵĹͷҸоҵľҺѾȫ 䵽ˣ㻹侫дľҺ ˣһһ߹ཹཱུغȣҿѩҺһһ ԵҾܲˣȫľҺûˡ
ϴԽ
ҵϣƨ·ɣǰҡڣҵظңϲ ƣܺйءϲ±߿ǰһԴ ӣصػεϲƣһŮλһ Ǻʽ
ϲҵʱҵı飬۾ĺܴרעݏͷ ԭϵԱڹעʳǵΧݏݷ̫ ܵϣˮ乶¡
ԽͻָԭĶׯ̬ʱı ȫһϴ˸裬˻֮ʹ·ȥ
ϴּʰҽȥʱʲôҿ ȹĻԲƨôԸУղŻҵļڶڷҿ ҴӺ߱סЦˣ§ҵͷʼҡ
Ǿϴּɡڿȥȹں߲˽ ȥݺݵղŵˮڣҸŸӵҸɵֱߺߣһ ͷ鷢ˡ
ʵǺܰϹģᷳ˵ֻǷ ȱĵطܺãܰǵĺӡ
ԶҲ²㣬ҵһգһԶҲ²ա
ͬһƬĴеܶεأDZ ĺŵͣϢĹܡ
ߣ
ܿĴѧʱҪȥˣҲڸֵıѧԲӦ ȾǷϣɫʡŮҵ
ϾDZҵǰϦıҵʵϰҲûȥʲôʵϰǺͼ ͬѧȥൺ
ൺ˴Լ£е뿪ˡصѧУʱ εеסˣʱûκεѹ棬 ʼҵƣѧУסֺһͬѧȥ˵羰 ˵кܶ۹þеһסһꡣǾڸһ Сʱסڷǵطdz İɽˮҪŷٳ СֻסŴԼٻ˼ҡ
ҺҵһͬѧסӱߵһСԺһͥʽС ùݡ￪žܿԶ̲ĺ塣סˣ˳ 䣬ֻźͺڼңŮ֣Ǿͽɩɩ Լʮ߰ӣܷǰǹĹĵģƨҲܴһ·ͺ ԸеҡڡʵҲֱֻתһס ͬѧĻĻ˵ǶڼҲס
ЦˣĿʼעɩ
Ҹ˾ɩǰ˵㣬֣Ů˵ ںϸĵطչǣҺܰЦϵľѡǷ סҺͬѧסڶߵӣɩĶסӣÿʮ 鷿⡣
Ҫ˵עûʱˣΪҵƵʱ̣ܶұ̾Ͷ 빤ÿæµ֮ҾͳɽˮĿˡ
ҵĸͬѧΪˮˣ˶ʱ ȱҽƵĵطʵǴȥ˾תسȥˣʣһˡ
֮һܵʱҲˣǻӡ
ҵıҵϾҪˣҲܰ;ϣͼ˼죬 ˣ͵Ψһһ˸롣ϻؼ֮Ҿͻ ˯ˡҹʱҷˣɩȵվڿǰͷɩ˵ ˵˾ɩҵͷ˵̰˵ë ˮҵͷϣָ֮Ūˮҽųҩ
ɩֻ˼Сģûд֣Կͷӡۣ±ǰ볤 Ķ̿㣬ˬˬصæҺܸжɩַҵͷ ˵պ˵㡣ʱҴıɩ鷿 鷿ܴҪǷdzİ𪣬鹵ɩҿزˣ ˣתͻԼˣ֮Ȼʧ
ҶɩȤԽԽŨˣҲ˵ʲôǶҡ
Ҿ˵ʱûòҲŭ߿
ɩ˵㻹С˵Ҿͱ˵ҲСˣǴأ
ԼһҵķϯϿ飬ɩĽŲ ҷˣͻȻ֮һƣֻ̿㣬Ҿͷ ط飬ͳѾӲ˵ļְͣţ¶һ㣬װ ˯˵ӡ
ɩĽŲҵķſڣŽˣͻȻĽŲͣ ˣݏҪ˵ӣ˺һҲûйŵ͵͵ذ һС죬ֻɩҵ
ɧǶ㻹̲ס˰ɣ
ҾɩˣػɩѾǸɲһˣһdz ҪҵĴɩӲ߿
ҾҵʱˣҾҪ뿪ˣһҪǶŪ һݣɴҾ㡣
ʮʱҾ͵͵˴شţߵ ɩɩǺʮĶһסġҿɩڿͷ СѾԶĿͷȥˣмкܴһյ Ҳʵ¹˿ڿյĿϡ
ҵ˷ܵĺܣƽһҿɩDZҲŵģ Сӣ¹ɩβ˼ˡ߿һᣬ ʹŵȥӡҵɩˣģ ȵģҼƨɣʱҸоɩӷһ£ ֪ɩѾ֪ˣûоܾңDZԭװ˯ ҾͷˣҲʼɵˡ
ҰѱȥĴƨɣѽִ ԣҾԵذִõױȥČ£һ˲ˣ ѾʪIJˣˮͽ˳εġ
漦ˣװأɧŶ
ҾͳذĿðȥĴƨɾͺޱ¶ ˳ҾͿʼɵεČ¡ɩČҲС кܶëˮܶ࣬Ūһ֡Ĺһֱԭ ƣװ˯ƾͱ
ҴӺ߱סǰĴӣȻе´Dz ʧӯ֣ԶСС鷿Ҫأ
һҾܲˣӲIJˡæͳĴ¾ ɡûʲôͱˣɩĴ½عҵļͣȺģ ˮҵļͣ漦ðڻǰɩˣ
ĹУʼûнгIJسż ͵ijֻ߳ʱغߺijѹԼ СֻԴ̼˵Ƿdz̼ˣԽˮľԽ ࣬±ҵ졣
ʮҾ̲סˣһɣסѼزȥ ҵɩ侫ҸоɩČ侫Ĺֱ
Ҿԭ·أ˿ʼ˯
ڶ糿緹ʱɩе㲻ҿˣæس˵㶫 ͷȥԼҵءֲ֪Щ֮ĶиС ϵģ˯˯
ҳԹ֮룬ӦóʤֱӳǶ
صʱѾʮˣҿɩڳأҾ Ϻ˺һĥĥعе㲻Ȼҽ £ҿĹĵµ˵ýš
ЦϾͺˣ˵֪Ҵ ˵Լ֪ѽһ䡸Ҫ ˵ˡҿӿļˣվɿذѿ Ѵͷƫȥ
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Ұɩ§Ҵϣ˸ư͵ؿ ϡһҾ˵һΣŻҪ Ұסˣģٵص˵˿֮Ļ ܵôְѷɩһ١ƨ ںČ£¸жʮӣɩĺǺǵؽУˮ˺ܶࡣ
µ߰ÿ϶ɩҹϿֱӾ ҲܾҲǰһ㣬侫ҲӲܾ
ЩͲø֮ƨҲûзŹл Ƕľʵڡ
ǸӿǰۣҲ½кӿǾɴࡸҰڶ ߰ʱһȥɢ֮Ҹεػɽ ɣɩҲҸߵҰû˵ĵطҲķſˣһ ǵʱٿǮʱɩѾ벻ҵļˣIJ֪ ֮ô
ˣβ
ޱߵʱʱʱ٣ҾԼѾǡѹ ɽҲ֪ʲôʱҲָܻȥ
ûͲֻ㿴̬ȡ
֣ : δ18Ͻվ se94se ڹΪڹԱܱɱ
й½ʿ룬ԸվеκηΣ